Relay for strengthening weak electric currents.



J. SOHIESSLER. RELAY FOE STRENGTHENING WEAK ELECTRIC OURRENTS. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20, 1911.

1 $863419, 7 Patent e01 Feb. 10, 1914.

J. SCHIBSSLER. RELAY FOR STRENGTHENING WEAK ELECTRIC GUREENTS.

APPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 20, 1911. 1,086,942.

Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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hi 1% i L F: i K.

J 053E4 SCHIESfiLER, 32F BADEN, NEAR VIENNA. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

REPLAY FQR STRE NGZEHENING WEAK ELECTRIC GUBRENTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Pa tented Feb. 10. 1914.

Application filed September 1911. Serial No. 650.380.

To qll whom it may concern:

Be it lgnpwn theft 1, Dr. Joepr Sonmsgtnu, b e t e Empe or of AWUWHW? tyl 'QSid D at lied nea Vie 1.1151, rust' 'ia-Hu n' have pr n d r el l new nd imb- Impro em ts n Re ays t r $trengtheoin Week Electric Gixrrents, of w ich t bl .Q ieg is ei ev fiteiien- T i n t e rel t s i e rel l f er e y ar angemen s f r treeag h ume week ewitti g throw ng e e r u re c thgt kind in which n yzlrinlol c resietunce ormed by th t ent ien o emu-rent be tween 11 0x6 es's' 10 c ta ts e 9- troglee and vr-rying with thesmall nexcgnent of the electrodes is need for reinforcmg the c rrent ui sl e m rio a rangen' ients of the hind referred to are based op the qo mhiugtio of a microphone .01 telep g-Ire withss lid ry ng 1: 'lstence, gener ully cpwtituted by loose c .tncte or eccond microphone-like structure, the OSClllittiqus of a (liztphrz ig m or the likeliue to gpohcn sounde 0! to 'ui'iuhle ruugnletic action causing yariutione of said 'i'esietuuce end thereby fluctuations of the current p asing. Hou'cycr, the ,tluctuz itiom of curreute btuincd in the sgnd lguou'n arrangeuente urc not p;7op or tionutc to the orign'rul cu'jrrcnt fluctuations, 21s the oscillation of the moyahle parts interfere with the repfqglrrctioxl and thereby euch proportiomlllty is rendered impossible.

It is the object of the present invention to overcome theee objections hy proyiding an urrengementln which tree oscillations cen- 1'19; occur ou'mg to the fact that the mow-uble or oscillatory pz rt which influences the veryll lgl'tistlstnnce formed by the contacts or clot-(rodeo, (hereinuft cr termed transitionut resistuure), remuins permanently uhiler the influence of .n uguetic forcee which by ccn npoeition form a resultant force, while on the other llitlKL oscillatory member iteeltt proyidcd w th n ugnetic forcee end thereby always rema ns in h tprc ed cguililu'iuni due to the notion oi mud exterior niggnet c torce u The n'ioycment of said memo bi'eeeil th m y a y ng the m gnetic ws tmlt by me ns 9? the u rents to be reinforced end thus moveinept ie in completg (JCCQIQlQlIQQ W ltl} the curiit 'r et i W1 W eee dz t e QJIIQHIlt given by the yabr etlon of sand resiiilt'aiu'ti In order to ennui the movement of the oecillutory member due toluere me- 'chnnicul torcee, as, for example, to its inhet'rept' galglcticity or to its velocity, one of soul magnetic forces is constituted by a, pou'ertul'holding or braking electro-magnet orrenged the axis of said member and thereby e gercis ng its maximum action upon 1 the member when said member is in its n0rmoi posg'ttion, so that the velocity acquired is ginnihilated or braked as the said member pusgsee through the said normal position. To enqblc the oscillatory member to readily regct and to enlarge the amplitudes obtz ined the girmutureof the said member awrr mgcd opposite to the holding magnet is cone-shuped, its larger mass being at the end removed from the magnet so that at an oscillution the greatest art of the magnetic fiun, thut is to say he central linesof force, will puss through the said thicker part of the armature, the distance of which it 1 n ewhat greater than the point of the cone. the resultant of all magnetic forces llei ig thereby ztltercd with the movement of the oscillatory member, and thus a greater amplitude muy he obtained.

A further object of the invcntion is to provide meuns for exactly adjusting the amount of magnetic force in the osrillutory magnetic pole, which means consist in a nuyigxietic shunt provided at the permanent magnet to which the oscillatory member is tru sn itterupd as 2; receiver either by causmg the gounq waves to influence the spring iuggnet pole and through the letter theeleatrio arc rhy causing the QlitStlC dlz p re gr qt v ur1, d box to he mthxenped by t c @1 0 and spring elect rode.

tige en 3 9i he aq pmpw t M r draw nge diegrammetloally illuetr rte' hree tithe-m, arrangements 1% telephone relay embodying this invention, in each case arranged for speaking and hearing simultaneously. I

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 indicates a vertical standard or base to which the longer leg 3 of a permanent horseshoe magnet 52 is fixed. Rigidly secured to the shorter leg ft of the, magnet 2 is a fiat blade 5 of spring steel having a broad bearing surface and carrying at its free end a soft iron armature (3 I proi ided with electrical contacts 7 and 7 The contacts 7 and 7 are conveniently formed separate fittings to enable them tofbe madeof material suitable for electric are electrodes. The second or coacting electrode is a duplex one and is constituted by two small plates 8and 8 mounted on adjusting screws 9 and 9 respectively. With advantage the screws 9 and 9" are arranged eccentrically to the contacts 7 and 7 for the purpose of enabling fresh places to be frequently rendered operative in the formation of the electric arc. 'The screws 9 and 9' are each furnished with a milledhead l0 and 10 respectively and with a milled lock-nut 11 and 1.1 respectively to enable them to be fixed in'any desired position after adjustment. It will. readily be understood that an approximate adjustment of the arc can magnetic shunt produced by the bar 18 influenc'es the polarization of the magnet, that is to say it controls or determines the magnitudeof the tree magnetic masses in the spring 5' and thus enables the adjustment of the spring electrode to be effected with extreme delicacy and precision. The are is influenced by theline electro-magnet 18 which may be constructed as a bell'magnet, is carried. by' the longer leg 3.0f the-horseshoe magnet 2 and .is traversed by the line currents that have to be strengthened; the line wires being accordingly connected to termi' nals' l9 and'20'.*The regulatingmechanism comprises an electro-magnet29 and a hold: mg magnet 16 which is arranged opposite to the armature 6. The electro-magnet 16' which may be constructed as a bell magnet or may be a permanent magnet or a combination of both, mu'stalso be so arranged as to" be capable" of adjustment and. 'is conveniently adapted to be regulated in a vertical'directioniby means of'a milled headed screw 17. A further regulation of the arc 1S efle'cted at the sametime by means of a strengthening device constituted by a strengthening or intensifying coil 21' on which a secondary coil 22 is superposed ac or stem of the iron core 23 of this coil is for the purpose of: finer adjustment formed with a screw thread and is furnished "with a .nnlled head 26.

A. milled lock-nut 27 onables the core-to be fixed in any desired position after adjustment. The telephone receiver 28 is connected either to the secondary coil 22am is directly inserted in a local electric circuit which passes across the contacts of the coil 22. Instead ofa telephone some other receiving instrument or a second relay may be inserted in the circuit. The position of the strengthening or intensitying coil 21 is like that of the line electromagnet 18, not necessarily limited to any definite point opposite the spring blade The apparatus comprises a regulatinghoil 29, hollow iron core 80, diaphragm 31 and sound funnel 32 which serves both for transforming the vibrations of speech and as'a sound receiver. The, funnel'32 is also arranged opposite the spring blade 5 which however is conveniently provided at this point with a soft iron armature 33. The coil29 is also arranged opposite the spring blade 5 and is preferably carried on a movable bracket 24 adapted to slide on the standard or base-plate and be fixed in any desired position thereon by the screw 25,

by which means a rough adjustment of the, The diaphragm 31, which coil is effected. may be made of mica, glass, wood, parchment or the like, carries at its center, opposite the. armature of the spring blade 5 a soft iron armature 34 which may be of any. suitable shape, but is preferably in the form of a flat cylinder or disk having an extension on one side the shape of which corresponds to that of the recess in the core 30 and which projects slightly into such recess. '1 he iron core 30 as already stated, is hollow to allow of the passage of the sound vibrations. The local. current is derived from a battery which may be of the accumulator cell or other type) and is led from the ter minal 35 by way of the standard 1 and, magnet 2 to the spring blade 5 and contacts 7 and 7. Upon the circuit being closed be tween the contacts 7 and 8 or as the case" may be 7 and 8, the current flows through the screw 9 or the screw 9 respectively. From the screw 9 the current passes by Way of the conductor 12 to the distributing point and from there by way of the regulating coil 29 and the return conductor 38, shown a dotted line, to the holding electromagnet 16, thence by way of conductor 40 to the primary winding of the strengthening coil 21', thence to the terminal 41 and then back to the negative terminal 36 and the battery. From the screw 9 the current flows through the body of the'bracket 24 t0 the distributing point 39 whence it fol lows the path just described back to the terminal 36 and the battery.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 only differs from that shown in Fig. l in that the screw 9 and contact 8 corresponding thereto are dispensed with and that the strengthening coil 21 is arranged on the right hand side of the spring blade 5 on the "as before only that in this arrangement only the current regulating magnet 16 is traversed by the local current, while the second or voltage regulating magnet 16 is excited in accordance with the voltage drop at the are at any given n'ioment, as itis in a shunt. In this way the arc can be regulated in a uniform manner.

With a view to obtaining greater uniforinity it is very advantageous to connect in series and in advance of the are or other gap or transitional resistance a steadying resistance. A thin iron or other metal wire located in a hydrogen atmosphere is preferably employe'tfi'or this purpose.

When it is desired that the relay should be actuated the local circuit is closedafter the electrodes have been adj usted. The iron bar 13 is then swung about its horizontal axis until it is broughtinto a position such that the spring magnet pole will be exactly so adjusted by the polarization obtaining at any given moment as to close the contact upon the slightest attraction being exerted by the line electro-magnet 18. Upon this fine adjustment of the electrodes being attained, the iron bar 13.is fixed in place by the screw 14: and the apparatus is ready for work.

The arrangementshown in Fig.1 works in such a manner that upon a very weak current being sent trom the primary line to a inicrophonebr the like through the line electro-magnet 18. the iron core of the latter becomes magnetized and attracts the spring blade This causes contact, to be made between the contacts 7" and 8 thereby closing the circuit and causing a bell that maybe included in this circuit to sound. Through the closing of this circuit the holding magnet 16 becoi'nes a powerful. elect-ron'iagnet that. attracts the armature '6 and consequently the spring magnetic pole 5 and draws the spring blade out of its position and produces a momentary cor A 7 and 8. This momentary contact is however at once broken through the action of the holding eleotro-magnet 16, which tends to hold the spring blade 5 in a vertical position, thereby causing an arc to be formed between the contacts 7 and 8, whereby the apparatus is adjusted for a given length of arc and consequently for a given voltage and such adjustment is maintained. For this purpose the position of the holding magnet must be very exactly determined in advance or this magnet must be provided with means for adjusting it laterally. The length of the arc is that determined by the resultant of the forces of the two electro-niagnets 16 and 29 acting on the spring blade at an angle of 90 to each other. the spring blade or the state oftension thereof and consequently the frequency of its inherent or proper vibrations is determined by the attraction of the magnet 16' such at traction depending on one hand on the strength or amount of the force of magnetic attraction and on the other hand on the distance of the magnet from the armature that is to say upon its own adjustment. lVhen resonance obtains between the trans mitted vibrations and the inherent or proper vibrations of the spring magnet pole then the sensibility of the relay is at a maximum. Once the arc is started the current fluctuate lions. coming from the line will polarize the soft iron core of the line electro-magnet 18, whereupon the latter will alternately attract and release the spring magnetole 5 thereby rhythmically increasing and iininishiug the gap or transitional resistance between the two contacts (in the form of an electric arc in the example described) which in turn gives rise to analogous voltage fluctuations that traverse as such the primary winding of the strengthening coil 21, rhythmically influence the iron core thereof and consequently also attract the spring magnet pole 5 in the same rythm, this resulting in the gap or transitional resistance being strongly influenced in a varying manner and consequently also in varying strengths of current. By this means the regulating magnet and the holding magnets are in turn also more strongly excited and act to restore the apparatus to its original state. In this way it is possible to obtain extremely strong current fluctuations that can be either transmitted directly to any kind of telephonic or telegraphic receiving apparatus or be employed to produce a stronginduction current in the secondary winding of the strengthening or intensifying coil that may also be transmitted to a suitable receiving apparatus. These strengthened or intensified current fluctuations are perceived in the telephone 28 which may for instance be com nected in. the secondary winding 22. At. the same tinienioracver the .t'hythr iic vibrations Moreover the pull on of the spring magnet pole 5 (which, in some cases may be reinforced by the armature act through their magnetism or purely mechanically on the flat iron cylinder or disk 34. arranged in the center of the diaphragm I 31 made of mica, glass or the like. This iron cylinder or disk being located in the strong magnetic field of the coil 29 or it may be in the. hollow magnetic iron core of the latter, is drawn more or less into the coil, thereby setting up vibrations in the diaphragm which are transmitted to the air and can accordingly be readily perceived.

When the apparatus is to be used as a telephonic transmitter the voice is directed into the speaking funnel The vibrations of the air thus produced set up anal ogous vibrations in the diaphragm 31. The flat iron 'eylimler or disk 34 is thereby caused to participate in these vibrations and varies on (no hand the magnetic field of the coil 29 and on the other hand directly influences both by magnetic attraction or in some purely mechanical *ay the spring magnet pole 5, therebyvcausing it to be attracted and released in the same rhythm so that the length of the arc is also varied. Tli'is variation in'the length of the arc in turn brings about current and voltage fiuctuations which also traverse the strengthening (i-intensifying coil 21, and consequently exert an enhanced attraction on thcsprin'g magnet pole 5 and thus give rise to fresh intensified current. fluctuations. The induction currents thus set up in the secondary coil 22 are in this case not trai-ismitted to the telephone 28 but to the line and to a' similarly constructed apparatus in the rethe are started.

the are formed between the contacts 7 and 8 is also varied III the same rhythmical mannor. The current that has undergone. variation in this way then traverses in the same way as In the arrangement of-the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 the holding electromagnet 'lttas well as the regulating coil 29 and strengtheningor intensifying coil 21. The

latter however is arranged on they righthand side ct the spring magnet pole 5 and acts to shorten the are formed between the contacts 7 and 8 and thereby increase the strength of the current owing to the reduced the contact 8 and i the contact 7 resistance. These intensified primary cur rent fluctuations setup .in the secondary winding 22 correspondingly intensified induction currents that are transmitted to the telephone 28 or any other instrument as may as in the arrangement already described with reference to Fig. 1.

The working of the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3 is substantially the same when acting as atransmitter as when acting as arcceiver. Upon the current supply being introduced at the terminal 35 it flows by way of the standard 1 and the longer leg 3 of the permanent magnet 2 to the shorter leg 4 ct such magnet, the spring magnet. pole 5 and to contact? through the screw electrode 8 (which is normally adjusted to make contact by adjusting the lever 13), then through the primary winding of the strengthening coil 21, through coil 25) and through the regulating coil 16 which may alternatively be arranged on the other side of the spring magnet pole 5 in place of the 'coil 16" then by way of the conductor to the negative terminal 36. The

is which is connected in shunt and is. wound with fine wire, is also traversed by a weak current passing by way of 7, 8. and 9. This coil also might alternatively be arranged on 'the other side in'place of the coil 16 At this moment both coils 16' and 1 3 will be acting to regulate the arc, the one connectedto the gap or transitional resistance in series, regulating the current and the other namely the regulating coil 16' being arranged in shunt and wound with fine wire, regulating the voltage, the result being a regulation in respect of Voltage Current strength p i l y this arrangement, when thevarimls parts are. suitably arranged, the spring electrode T will be slightly drawn away from will be moved toward the contact 8' thereby starting both a res. The prin'iary winding of the coil 21 is carried out in such a way that in the arrangement shown its magnetic core will repel or attract the spring magnet pole according to the position relatively to'the line electro-magnet 18. The two regulating coils act in the first place to adjust the arc .to the normal length for the proper working of the apparatus. A suitably arranged holding magnet like the magnet 16in Figs. 1' and? would answer tlie'samepurpose. Upon the primary linebeing connected up to the terminals 19, 20, the incoming weak current fluctuations will traverse the coil l8 and polarize its iron core, thus causing the armature of the spring magnet pole 5 .eircuit is thus closed and the regulating coil to-be attracted and released in the rhythm ofthe current fluctuations. As a result the length of the arc will also be varied rhythmidally and the current fluctuations thereby caused will set up induction currents in the secondary winding 22 that either intensify or weaken the attraction and in addition set up strong vibrations in thetelephone 28 which is included in the secondary circuit. H

' for instance the arrangement shown in Fig.

2 might be arranged after the manner of Fig. l and conversely so that any parts of the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 1, 2

and 3 might be combined together at will and also electrically connected in any desired manner. The arrangement may also be such that the adjusting screw 9 orl) extends through the hollow ironcore of the coil 18 and is insulated therefrom. Furthermore, the length of the arc can be adjusted according to requirement but will normally never exceed fractions of a millimeter. The arrangements here illustrated can moreover be fitted in any existing telephone station as a current strengthening or intensifying apparatus. The incoming line currents to be strengthened or intensified traverse the winding of the coils 18 in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

The induction currents of the contact current are transmitted from the coil 22 (Fig. 1, 2 or 3) not to the telephone 28, but to the terminal station, the telephone 28 being for this purpose put out of action as by an ordinary hook reversing switch. Accordingly upon the telephone being removed from the hook in the receiving station the message can only be received in such station. If, however, the message is intended for a further station the operation of hooking up the telephone 5 again automatically reverses the connections onto the second or secondary line. The Whole arrangement may have connected in parallel to it an oscillating circuit comprising a controllable selfinduction device and a variable capacity device and the arrangement may be used both for telephone work and ordinary and wireless telegraphy.

Claim.

1. In combination, means to form a mag netic circuit, an oscillator member in said circuit, a stationary member forming with the oscillatory member a transitional resistance, an inverted frusto-conical armatur on said oscillatory member, an electro-magnet cooperating with said armature in axial alincment therewith to damp the movements of the oscillatory member, means to move the oscillatory member in accordance with line current fluctuations, and a local electric circuit including said member, said electromagnet and the transitional resistance.

2. In combination, means to form a mag netic circuit, an oscillatory member in said magnetic circuit, a stationary member forming with the oscillatory member a transitional resistance. an inverted triist( -conical armature on said member in axial alincmenl therewith. to damp the movements of the oscillatory member, means to control the magnetism through the oscillating men'ibcr and thereby control its sensitivcness, means to operate the oscillatory member in accordance with line current illlUiZllttllOllS, and a loal electric circuit including said member and said transitional resistance.

3. In combination, means to form a mag netic circuit, an oscillatory member and an clectro-magnet to move said member in. accordance with line current fluctuations both included in said magnetic circuit, a magnetic means to simultaneously control the magnetism through said member and its moving means, a stationary member forming with the oscillatory member a transitional resistance, magnetic means to damp the movements of the oscillatory member, and a local electric circuit including said member and resistance.

4-. In combination, means to form a magnetic circuit, an oscillatory member in said circuit, a stationary member forming With the oscillatory member a transitional resistance, means to magnetically damp the movements of said member, means controlled by line currentfluctuations for moving said oscillatory member, a local electric circuit including said oscillatory member and said resistance. and transforming means also included in said electric circuit to produce strengthened current fluctuations corresponding to those in said electric circuit, said transforming means including a primary winding in said electric circuit, a core adji'lstable to and from the oscillatory member and a secondary winding.

5. In combination, means to form tl,ll1flg nctiocircuit. an oscillatory member forming part of said circuit, an electro-magnet controlled by line current fluctuationsaml a strengthening electro-magnet having a primary and a secondary winding, both magncts being in. said magnetic circuit, a magnetic shunt whereby the polarization of said magnets and the n' agnctism through said member may be simultaneously controlled. a stationary adjustable member cooperating with the oscillatory member to form a tltlll' sitional resistance, an electroanagnet to damp the movements 4 of said oscillatory member, and a local electric circuit including said oscillatory member, said damping magnet, said resistance and said primary inding.

6. In combination, means to produce a magnetic circuit, an oscillatory member formingpart of said circuit, a stationary member "cooperating with the oscillatory member, a transitional resistance, intensifying 1neans incl rdi 1g a core adjustable to and from the oscillatory member and one or more windings thereon, electromagnetic means including a diaphragmsupported armature adjacent the oscillatory member, means to magnetically damp the movemcnis of the oscillatory member and a local electric circuit including said oscillatory member, said resistance, said intensifying means and said electro-magnetic means.

, 7. 111a relay, a magnet having a long and "a short leg, a'steel spring secured to the electro-magnetic device adjacent thereto, an

armature on the. diaphragm adjacent the spring, an electro-magnet adjacent the assess;

l spring controlled line current fluctuations, a strengthening electro magnet arranged adjacent said spring, a magnetic line --current controlled magnet. the strengthening magnet; au-local circuit 1nvice' and said strengthening magnetip sides thereof, an armature oii;. tlie- ,n 1e1nber, an electro-magnet on each side of the armalure, adjustable electrodes cooperating with said contacts to form transitional resistance, a local electric circuit including said mom;

cuit, whereby one of said magnets will regu- ,;late the current and the other the volt-again said local circuit. v r i .1111 testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses. v

' DR; JOSEF SCHIESSLER.

Witnesses v v AUGUST Fuounn,

Aim MARIA BERGER.

shunt to control the polarization of both the eluding said springysaid resistance; said holding magnet, said electro-magnctic (le 8 In a relay, the combination yi-tlra flat oscillatory member, contacts; on opposite,

ber, transitional resistance and one of said magnets, and the other being '11! shunt en 

